What is Data Processing

What is Data Processing – Data Entry – Data Processing – Imaging – Data – Data Analysis – Data Compression – Decimal Numbers – Negative Numbers

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The word ‘data’ refers to, facts concerning things such as people, objects, events etc. A list of class students, showing students roll numbers, names, marks etc. is an example of student’s data. Therefore, data is defined as; collection of raw facts and figures, which is collected for specific purpose. The data may be in the form of text, numbers, sounds, images, video clips etc.

For example, data of 4 students is collected as shown below.

Saleem	62	63	64
Babar	50	75	70
Amanat	90	80	70
Salma	75	80	60

The above data does not convey the proper meaning.

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Types of Data

Data may be of different forms that can be processed through computer. These are number, text, images, audio, and video.

1. Numeric

Numeric data consists of digits from 0 to 9, + (positive) or – (negative) signs and decimal points. It can be of integer type or real type data.

Integer data: It consists of positive or negative whole values including 0. For example, 420, 302, +62, -26 etc.

Real data: It consists of values that have decimal point. For example, 15.4, .006,4.07, -6.27 etc.

The numeric data is represented by using bit patterns. A number is directly converted to a binary number.

2. Text

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A text consists of words,: sentences, paragraphs etc. For example, ‘USA’, “I Live in USA”, and this paragraph written about “Text” etc. The text is stored as ASCII codes. In data processing, text is also represented as a sequence of bits or bit patterns. Different coding schemes have been designed to represent different letters or symbol. The process of representing symbols in binary form is called coding.

3. Image

Image data consists of charts, graphs, pictures and freehand drawings. Image data is also represented by bit patterns, but to represent image data, different mechanism is used. The simplest method to represent image, is to divide the image into matrix of pixels (picture element). A pixel represents a smallest dot of the image. The size of the pixel depends on the resolution of the image. For example, if the image of size 2 x 3” has 5,000 pixels, while another image of the same size has 10,000 pixels. In the second case, the resolution is higher, but more memory is needed to store the images.It must be noted that each pixel is assigned a bit pattern. For black and white image, 1-bit is required to represent a single pixel. In case of color, each colored pixel is decomposed into three primary colors such as red, green, and blue (RGB). The intensity of each color is also measured.

It must be noted that each pixel is assigned a bit pattern. For black and white image, 1-bit is required to represent a single pixel. In case of color, each colored pixel is decomposed into three primary colors such as red, green, and blue (RGB). The intensity of each color is also measured.

Each colored pixel has three bit patterns. These are:

• One to represent intensity of red color.
• One to represent intensity of green color.
• One to represent intensity of blue color.

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4. Audio

Audio is a representation of sound. It is continuous and not discrete. The audio data is in the form of continuous signal. It is converted to digital form before to enter into the computer.

5. Video

Video consists of full-motion images that create actions and movements. It can be produced by a video camera.